ISSI is pleased to announce that Dr Rumi Nakamura and Prof Geraint Jones have been appointed as Discipline Scientists as of 1st July 2023 We welcome two outstanding additions to the ISSI Team Plasma Discipline Scientist Dr Rumi Nakamura and Planetary Discipline Scientist Prof Geraint Jones Not only Discipline Scientist...
Rumi Nakamura did her PHD research on Aurora dynamics and particle injection associated with magnetospheric substorms at the University Tokyo in Japan She is currently a group leader at Space Research Institute IWF Austrian Academy of Sciences and Lecturer at University of Graz in Austria Her research interest are spac...
NASAs Magnetospheric Multiscale MMS mission was launched in March 2015 into an elliptical orbit around Earth to study magnetic reconnection a fundamental plasmaphysical process that taps the energy stored in a magnetic field and converts it typically explosively into heat and kinetic energy of charged particles MMS co...
A crucial property of the substorm growth phase is the current sheet thinning which is often attributed to adiabatic convection Injecting lowentropy bubbles reduce pressurebalance inconsistencies and restore current sheet thickness to its initial value Recent observations from Cluster and MMS showed additional thinning...
Dear friends of ISSI Dear visitors of our web site I hope you had a good and relaxing summernbsp Actually the Swiss summer as in many parts of Europe was exceptionally sunny dry and warm Together with the increased number of unusually warm seasons this decade it is widely regarded as a consequence of climate changenbsp...
Consequences of the solar wind input observed as large scale magnetotail dynamics during substorms are reviewed highlighting results from statistical studies as well as global magnetosphereionosphere observations Among the different solar wind input parameters the most essential one to initiate reconnection relatively ...
This collection presents results from the Workshop Magnetic Reconnection Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas held 27 June1 July 2022 which aims to review progress in research of magnetic reconnection and relevant processes in space plasma based on recent insitu multipoint observations and theoretical simulatio...
Thin current sheets having kinetic scales are an important plasma structure where the magnetic energy dissipation and charged particle acceleration are the most effective It is believed that such current sheets are selfconsistently formed by the specific nonadiabatic dynamics of charged particles and play a critical ro...
The Mercury magnetospheric orbiter MMO of the JapaneseEuropean BepiColombo mission carries a dualsensor magnetometer MMOMGF The sensors are of the classical fluxgate type mounted on a boom For redundancy each sensor carries its own electronics and is connected to a different data processing unit MMOMGF can sample the m...
We examine a Dipolarization Front DF event with an embedded electron diffusion region EDR observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale MMS spacecraft on 08 September 2018 at 145130 UT in the Earth8217s magnetotail by applying multiscale multipoint analysis methods In order to study the largescale context of this DF we use...
Various physical processes in association with magnetic reconnection occur over multiple scales from the microscopic to macroscopic scale lengths This paper reviews multiscale and crossscale aspects of magnetic reconnection revealed in the nearEarth space beyond the general globalscale features and magnetospheric circu...
A simple mechanism for the generation of electromagnetic 8220Zebra8221 pattern emissions is proposed 8220Zebra8221 bursts are regularly spaced narrowband radio emissions on the otherwise broadband radio continuum emitted by the active solar corona The mechanism is based on the generation of an ionring distribution in a...
We clarify the notion of magnetic field lines in plasma by referring to submicroscale quantum mechanical particle dynamics It is demonstrated that magnetic field lines in a field of strength B carry single magnetic flux quanta 0he The radius of a field line in the given magnetic field B is calculated It is shown that s...
The spontaneous onset of magnetic reconnection in thin plane collisionless current sheets is shown to result from a thermalanisotropy driven nonrelativistic magnetic electron Weibelmode generating seedmagnetic field Xpoints in the centre of the current layer The proposed mechanism is of larger generality It also works ...
Comparisons between tidal wind signatures diagnosed from satellite and groundbased observations and a general circulations model for two SeptemberOctober 2005 MarchApril 2007 of the four Climate and Weather of the SunEarth System CAWSES Global Tidal Campaign observation periods are presented CAWSES is an international ...
We investigate the transformation of the distribution function in the relativistic case a problem of interest in plasma when particles with high relativistic velocities come into play as for instance in radiation belt physics in the electroncyclotron maser radiation theory in the vicinity of highMach number shocks wher...
A new empirical density model is developed for the inner zone between 1 L 3 using plasma densities inferred from the upper hybrid resonance on Arase and hissinferred density values from Van Allen Probes The Van Allen Probes hissinferred densities are first recalibrated and validated against Arase observations using b...
Context Mercurys magnetosphere and magnetosheath are unique in the Solar System plasmas as they are highly time dependent since the planet has only a smallscale magnetosphere originating from the weak intrinsic planetary magnetic field Yet it is believed that the plasma therein reaches a quasistationary state that is t...
Southwardthennorthward magnetic perturbations are often seen in the tail plasma sheet along with earthward jets but the generation mechanism of such bipolar Bz magnetic flux rope created through multiple Xline reconnection transient reconnection or else has been controversial At 2313 UT on 13 August 2002 Cluster encoun...
Volume 96: Evolution of the Solar System: Constraints from Meteorites
D. Hetzel et al (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in June 2023, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 95: Mars Express: Pioneering Two Decades of European Science and Exploration of Mars
D. Titov et al. (Eds.), Special issue to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 94: Tipping Points and Understanding EO data needs for a Tipping Element Model Intercomparison Project
M. Rast et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in October 2022, to be published in 2024
Volume 93: Challenges in Understanding the Global Water Energy Cycle and its Changes in Response to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
B. Meyssignac et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in September 2022, to be published in 2024
Volume 92: Strong Gravitational Lensing
J. Wambsganss et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in July 2022, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 91: Magnetic Reconnection: Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas
R. Nakamura et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in June 2022, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 90: Solar and Stellar Dynamos: A New Era
M. Schüssler et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in June 2022, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 89: New Vision of the Saturnian System in the Context of a Highly Dissipative Saturn
V. Lainey et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in May 2022, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 88: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium: Into the Unknown >>
J. Richardson et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in November 2021, to be published in 2023
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 87: Venus: Evolution Through Time
C.F. Wilson et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in September 2021, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Volume 84: Surface-Bounded Exospheres and Interactions in the Inner Solar System
A. Millio et al. (Eds.), ISSI Workshop held in January 2020, to be published in 2024
Co-published as a Collection in Space Science Reviews (Open Access) >>
Interplanetary dust particles and meteoroids mostly originate from comets and asteroids Understanding their distribution in the Solar system their dynamical behavior and their properties sheds light on the current state and the dynamical behavior of the Solar system Dust particles can endanger Earthorbiting satellites ...
In thin few i collisionless current sheets in a space plasma like the magnetospheric tail or magnetopause current layer magnetic fields can grow from thermal fluctuation level by the action of the nonmagnetic Weibel instability Weibel 1959 The instability is driven by the counterstreaming electron inflow from the ion ...
The paper tries to sort out the specific signatures of the Near Earth Neutral Line NENL and the Current Disruption CD models and looks for these signatures in Cluster data from two events For both events transient magnetic signatures are observed together with fast ion flows In the simplest form of NENL scenario with a...
At 1000 UT on 25 February 2008 Cluster 1 spacecraft crossed the nearmidnight auroral zone at about 2RE altitude while two of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms THEMIS spacecraft THD and THE observed multiple flow bursts on the nearconjugate plasma sheet field lines The flow shear pa...
Previous laboratory impact experiments into sand and glass beads have enriched our understanding of the cratering process on granular media common on asteroids and planetary regolith However less attention has been paid to the fate of the projectile such as its penetration depth in the granular medium although this may...
Characteristics of particles and fields in the flowbouncing region are studied based on multipoint observations from Cluster located at 1315RE downtail during a substorm event around 1250 UT on 7 September 2007 The Cluster spacecraft were separated by a distance of up to 10000 km and allowed to determine the mesoscale ...
ID: 202
Teamleader: Michel P. (FR) / Nakamura A. M. (JP)
Year: 2010
Unprecedented spacecraft and instrumental coverage and the isolated nature and distinct steplike development of a substorm on 17 March 2010 has allowed validation of the twoloop substorm current wedge model SCW2L We find a close spatiotemporal relationship of the SCW with many other essential signatures of substorm act...
We report strong repeated magnetic reconnection pulses that occurred deep inside closed plasma sheet flux tubes at r 14Re They have been observed with a fortuitous spacecraft constellation during three consecutive turbulent magnetic dipolarizations accompanied by localized auroral brightenings near the equatorward edg...
Ejecta patterns are experimentally examined around craters formed in a layer of glass beads by vertical impacts at low velocities The diameters of the constituent glass beads of three different targets range 5363m 90106m and 355500m The impact velocities and ambient pressures range from a few to 240ms1 and from 500Pa t...
In spite of all spacecraft that have visited our nearest planetary neighbor a large number of questions remain to be answered Exploration of Venus is far from completed In this chapter we summarize the most important questions to be answered both in the short term feasible with the technology of today and those that on...
A little more than four years after its launch the first magnetospheric multisatellite mission Cluster has already tremendously contributed to our understanding about the coupled solar wind 8211 magnetosphere 8211 ionosphere system This is mostly due to its ability for the first time to provide instantaneous spatial vi...
Many phenomena in the Earth8217s magnetotail have characteristic temporal scales of several minutes and spatial scales of a few Earth radii RE Examples of such transient and localized mesoscale phenomena are bursty bulk flows beamlets energy dispersed ion beams flux ropes traveling compression regions nightside flux tr...
Airless bodies are directly exposed to ambient plasma and meteoroid fluxes making them characteristically different from bodies whose dense atmospheres protect their surfaces from such fluxes Direct exposure to plasma and meteoroids has important consequences for the formation and evolution of planetary surfaces includ...
Lightning activity in Venus has been a mystery for a long period although many studies based on observations both by spacecraft and by groundbased telescope have been carried out This situation may be attributed to the ambiguity of these evidential measurements In order to conclude this controversial subject we are dev...
The Apollo astronauts deployed seismic experiments on the nearside of the Moon between 1969 and 1972 Five stations collected passive seismic data Apollo 11 operated for around 20 days and stations 12 14 15 and 16 operated nearly continuously from their installation until 1977 Seismic data were collected and digitized o...
For the first time we have studied the rich internal structure of a magnetosheath highspeed jet Measurements by the Magnetospheric Multiscale MMS spacecraft reveal largeamplitude density temperature and magnetic field variations inside the jet The propagation velocity and normal direction of planar magnetic field struc...
We present small and mesoscale properties of a substorm onset arc observed simultaneously by the Reimei and THEMIS satellites together with groundbased observations by the THEMIS GBO system The optical observations revealed the slow equatorward motion of the growthphase arc and the development of a much brighter onset ...
The subsolar magnetosheath is penetrated by transient enhancements in dynamic pressure These enhancements also called highspeed jets can propagate to the magnetopause causing largeamplitude yet localized boundary indentations on impact Possible downstream consequences of these impacts are eg local magnetopause reconnec...
Pi2 waves are an intergral part of the substorm process and have been observed on the ground and in space Using the special ability of Cluster to determine the propagation direction of signals measured in the magnetometer data it is found that in the lobes of the Earth8217s magnetotail for the cases in this study the P...
A detailed analysis of successive tailward flow bursts in the nearEarth magnetotail X19 RE plasma sheet is performed on the basis of insitu multipoint observations by the Cluster spacecraft on 15 September 2001 The tailward flows were detected during a northward IMF interval 25 h after a substorm expansion Each flow bu...
Almost 40 years ago the concept of the substorm current wedge was developed to explain the magnetic signatures observed on the ground and in geosynchronous orbit during substorm expansion In the ensuing decades new observations including radar and lowaltitude spacecraft MHD simulations and theoretical considerations ha...
Small primitive bodies were presumably highly porous when they formed and some still have low densities that are indicative of a high pore content Therefore after their formation interplanetary dust impacting on their surface may have been captured because of their porous structure The mechanism of dust penetration is ...
Energetic electrons in an earthward reconnection outflow region have been observed by ClusterResearch with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors We found a good correlation between the energetic electron enhancement and a normal magnetic field Bz enhancement within a 025s time resolution The large normal magnetic field i...
The small intrinsic magnetic field of Mercury together with its proximity to the Sun makes the Hermean magnetosphere unique in the context of comparative magnetosphere study The basic framework of the Hermean magnetosphere is believed to be the same as that of Earth However there exist various differences which cause n...
Giant molecular clouds GMCs and their stellar offspring are the building blocks of galaxies The physical characteristics of GMCs and their evolution are tightly connected to galaxy evolution The macroscopic properties of the interstellar medium propagate into the properties of GMCs condensing out of it with correlation...
We have examined the detailed structure of thin current sheets and their evolution during a substorm interval on 24 August 2003 when Cluster experienced several rapid current sheet crossings within a couple of ion gyrotimes These crossings took place during an interval of highspeed ion flows with BZ reversals and signa...
A comparison of magnetotail flapping the upanddown wavy motion between the Earth and the two giant planets Jupiter and Saturn has been performed through investigation of the current sheet normal of the magnetotail Magnetotail flapping is commonly observed in the Earth8217s magnetotail Due to single spacecraft missions ...
Cluster observations in the magnetotail revealed an abundance of strongly inclined current sheets We determine the magnetic configuration of a particular subset of such phenomena a series of sheet crossings having significantly differing inclinations and occurring during quiet conditions These wavelike variations appea...
ID: 91
Teamleader: Nakamura R. (AT)
Year: 2005
Cold plasma up to few tens of electron volts of ionospheric origin is present most of the time in most of the regions of the Earth8217s magnetosphere However characterizing it using in situ measurements is difficult owing to spacecraft electrostatic charging as often this charging is at levels comparable to or even hig...
Recently published crater statistics on the small Asteroids 25143 Itokawa and 433 Eros show a significant depletion of craters below approx 100m in diameter Possible mechanisms that were brought up to explain this lack of craters were seismic crater erasure and self armoring of a coarse boulder covered asteroid surface...
This article describes observations of a bursty bulk flow BBF in the outer central plasma sheet The observations are made with the Cluster satellites located approximately 19 RE downtail close to the midnight sector in the Southern Hemisphere 4060 s after Cluster first detected the BBF there was a large bipolar perturb...
The magnetosphere is the lens through which solar space weather phenomena are focused and directed towards the Earth In particular the nonlinear interaction of the solar wind with the Earths magnetic field leads to the formation of highly inhomogenous electrical currents in the ionosphere which can ultimately result in...
