Listed are all scientific papers resulting from an ISSI activity written or co-authored by ISSI Team members, Working Group members, Workshop participants, visitors or staff members.
This work reviews possible signatures and potential detectability of present-day volcanically emitted material in the atmosphere of Venus. We first discuss the expected composition of volcanic gases at present time, addressing how this is related to mantle composition and atmospheric pressure.
Strong gravitational lenses provide unique laboratories for cosmological and astrophysical investigations, but they must first be discovered – a task that can be met with significant contamination by other astrophysical objects and asterisms. Here we review strong lens searches, covering various sources (quasars, galaxies, supernovae, FRBs, GRBs, and GWs), lenses (early- and late-type galaxies, groups, and clusters), datasets (imaging, spectra, and lightcurves), and wavelengths.
We measure the thermal electron energization in 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-perpendicular, low-beta (β p = 0.25) collisionless ion–electron shocks with mass ratio m i/m e = 200, fast Mach number Mms=1 –4, and upstream magnetic field angle θ Bn = 55°–85° from the shock normal nˆ . It is known that shock electron heating is described by an ambipolar, B -parallel electric potential jump, Δϕ ∥, that scales roughly linearly with the electron temperature jump.
Solar flare ribbon fronts appear ahead of the bright structures that normally characterize solar flares, and can persist for an extended period of time in spatially localized patches before transitioning to “regular” bright ribbons. They likely represent the initial onset of flare energy deposition into the chromosphere. Chromospheric spectra (e.g., He i 10830 Å and the Mg ii near-UV lines) from ribbon fronts exhibit properties rather different to typical flare behavior.
Dark matter structures within strong gravitational lens galaxies and along their lines of sight leave a gravitational imprint on the multiple images of lensed sources. Strong gravitational lensing provides, therefore, a key test of different dark matter models. In this article, we describe how galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing observations are sensitive to the physical nature of dark matter. We provide an historical perspective of the field, and review its current status.
Galaxy clusters are the products of structure formation through myriad physical processes that affect their growth and evolution throughout cosmic history. As a result, the matter distribution within galaxy clusters, or their shape, is influenced by cosmology and astrophysical processes, in particular the accretion of new material due to gravity.
Context. Threads are the main constituents of prominences. They are dynamic structures that display oscillations, usually interpreted as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Moreover, instabilities such as the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) have also been reported in prominences. Both waves and instabilities may affect the thermodynamic state of the threads. Aims.
Context. Gaia DR3 has offered the scientific community a remarkable dataset of approximately one million spectra acquired with the radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) in the calcium II triplet region, which is well suited to identify very metal-poor (VMP) stars. However, over 40% of these spectra have no released parameters by Gaia’s GSP-Spec pipeline in the domain of VMP stars, whereas VMP stars are key tracers of early Galactic evolution. Aims.
Context. Advancements in instrumentation have revealed a multitude of small-scale extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) events in the solar atmosphere and considerable effort is currently undergoing to unravel them. Aims. Our aim is to employ high-resolution and high-sensitivity magnetograms to gain a detailed understanding of the magnetic origin of such phenomena. Methods.
The dynamics of Earth’s magnetopause, driven by several different external/internal physical processes, plays a major role in the geospace energy budget. Given magnetopause motion couples across many space plasma regions, numerous forms of observations may provide valuable information in understanding these dynamics and their impacts.